Dạng bài Advantages and Disadvantages là 1 dạng cực kỳ phổ biến trong Writing Task 2 nhưng lại tương đối “khó nhằn” đối với nhiều thí sinh thi IELTS. Vậy nên trong bài viết hôm nay, JOLO sẽ hướng dẫn bạn cách viết dạng bài Advantages and Disadvantages một cách chi tiết, hiệu quả để đạt band điểm cao nhất nhé.
Tổng quan về dạng Advantages/Disadvantages trong IELTS Writing Task 2
Trong bài thi IELTS Writing Task 2, dạng Advantages and Disadvantages là dạng đề thi nêu ra ý kiến và yêu cầu người viết phải đưa nhận xét, quan điểm của mình về mặt tích cực (advantages) và tiêu cực (disadvantages) của ý kiến đó.
Dạng đề Advantages and Disadvantages thường đưa ra dưới 3 dạng câu hỏi sau và mỗi loại lại có cách tiếp cận khác nhau.
Câu hỏi 1: In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decided to do this.
Câu hỏi 2: Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary schools rather than secondary school.
Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
Câu hỏi 3: Computers are becoming an essential part of school lessons.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages and give your own opinion.
Hướng dẫn cách viết bài dạng Advantages and Disadvantages trong IELTS Writing Task 2
JOLO sẽ phân tích theo từng dạng về cấu trúc cũng như ví dụ mẫu để giúp bạn so sánh và hiểu rõ hơn. Và để chinh phục dạng Advantages and Disadvantages, bạn có thể tham khảo cấu trúc viết bài cho từng mẫu câu hỏi như dưới đây:
1. Cấu trúc cho câu hỏi 1
Phần 1: Viết mở bài (Introduction)
- Paraphrase question
- Outline sentence
Phần 2: Viết đoạn thân bài 1 (Main Body Paragraph 1 - Advantages)
- Topic sentence (Advantage 1)
- Explain how this is an advantage
- Example
Phần 3: Viết đoạn thân bài 2 (Main Body Paragraph 2 - Disadvantages)
- Topic sentence (Disadvantage 1)
- Explain how this is a disadvantage
- Example
Phần 4: Viết kết bài (Conclusion)
- Summary of main points
2. Cấu trúc cho câu hỏi 2
Thông thường, đối với dạng bài này, điều bạn cần làm là:
- Nêu rõ các advantages và disadvantages của xu hướng được nhắc tới
- Nêu rõ quan điểm của bạn là xu hướng này có lợi hay hại nhiều hơn.
Phần 1: Viết mở bài (Introduction)
- Paraphrase question
- Thesis statement (state which one outweighs the other)
- Outline sentence
Phần 2: Viết đoạn thân bài 1 (Main Body Paragraph 1 - Stronger Side)
- Topic Sentence
- Explain why it is strong
- Example
- Topic Sentence
- Explain why it is strong
- Example
Phần 3: Viết đoạn thân bài 2 (Main Body Paragraph 2 - Weaker Side)
- Topic Sentence
- Explain why it is not strong
- Example
Phần 4: Viết kết bài (Conclusion)
- Summary of main points and restate position.
3. Cấu trúc cho câu hỏi 3
Phần 1: Viết mở bài (Introduction)
- Paraphrase question
- Thesis statement (your opinion)
- Outline sentence
Phần 2: Viết đoạn thân bài 1 (Main Body Paragraph 1 - Advantages)
- Topic Sentence (Advantage 1)
- Explain how this is an advantage
- Example
Phần 3: Viết đoạn thân bài 2 (Main Body Paragraph 2 - Disadvantages)
- Topic sentence (Disadvantage 1)
- Explain how this is a disadvantage
- Example
Phần 4: Viết đoạn thân bài 3 (Main Body Paragraph 3 - Opinion)
- Explain opinion
- Explain or give example
Phần 5: Viết kết bài (Conclusion)
- Summary of main points
Bài mẫu IELTS Writing Task 2 dạng Advantages and Disadvantages
1. In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decided to do this.
⇒ Sample Essay:
Before embarking on college many young people are advised that a year working or travelling may be a good option. This essay will suggest that saving money is the biggest advantage of this and a reduced motivation to study is the primary disadvantage.
Third level education is very expensive and lots of students decide to work for 12 months and save up money before they begin their studies. This allows them to pay for their living costs, tuition fees and accommodation and focus on their studies, rather than struggle financially or have to get a part time job on top of their academic work. The Times recently reported that the average student at a UK university requires over $12,000 per annum just to survive and many drop out because they cannot afford to stay.
Despite these advantages, many students often get used to working or travelling and don’t want to return to a life of study after a year off. This short term view can cause some to bypass university altogether and go straight into a job that is beneath their capabilities or may not offer the same prospects their future career might have done. For instance, a recent survey by the British Government found that 26% of students who take a gap-year never enter tertiary education.
In conclusion, taking a break from studies can be advantageous if it allows people to gather up savings, however, they should also be careful that it does not lead to disillusionment with education altogether.
(252 words)
2. Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary schools rather than secondary schools.
Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
⇒ Sample Essay:
Some authorities think that it is more favorable for pupils to begin studying languages at primary school instead of secondary school. This essay will argue that the advantages of this outweigh the drawbacks. The essay will first demonstrate that the earlier someone learns an additional language the more likely they are to master it and that it brings added cognitive benefits, followed by an analysis of how the primary disadvantage, namely confusion with their native tongue, is not valid.
The main reason to start kids off with foreign languages early is that this increases the likelihood they will achieve fluency in adulthood. That is to say that they will have far more years to perfect their skills and it will seem perfectly normal to speak bilingually. For example, in countries such as Holland and Norway where English is taught from a very young age, more than 95% of adults speak it at an advanced level. Learning a second language also helps to improve overall cognitive abilities. In other words it benefits the overall development of a child’s brain. A recent survey by Cambridge University found that children who studied a new language before the age of 5 were significantly more likely to score higher in Mathematics and Science.
Those opposed to this say that it causes the child to become confused between their mother tongue and the other language. However, there is actually no evidence to support this view and children from bilingual families do just as well in both languages. My own son was brought up speaking both Vietnamese and English and outperforms most of his classmates in both.
On balance the fact that early foreign language learning leads to higher fluency and improved brain function clearly outweighs the flawed argument that it impairs uptake of native languages.
(299 words)
3. Computers are becoming an essential part of education.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages and give your own opinion.
⇒ Sample Essay:
Information technology is becoming a ubiquitous part of learning. This essay will show that this is a welcome development and can enhance educational practice. It will first suggest that the instant availability of huge amounts of information is the primary advantage, followed by a discussion of how it can sometimes lead to plagiarism.
The main benefit computers bring to learners is easy access to vast amounts resources. Learners were once limited to the books they had and the knowledge of their teacher, now they can learn about anything they choose at the touch of a button. Google is a prime example, because it allows people to easily search for whatever they are looking for quickly and accurately.
One possible drawback is that using the internet to complete academic work can sometimes lead to pupils copying articles from the internet. As a result, students do not have to think about their tasks and learn very little. The Sunday Times recently reported that 72% of college graduates in the UK admitted to copying and pasting Wikipedia articles at least once.
Overall, it is a very positive development because most students will take advantage of the power of the information superhighway to enhance their studies, rather than using it to cheat. For example, in 2005 Cambridge University found that students who regularly used a computer were 26% more likely to get a first-class degree than those who did not.
In conclusion, the web has provided a gateway to knowledge unlike anything seen before and although it can sometimes lead to a few taking the easy route and plagiarising, it is a very positive step in the evolution of education.
(278 words)
Hi vọng với bài viết này, JOLO English đã giúp bạn nắm được chi tiết cách viết dạng bài Advantages and Disadvantages trong IELTS Writing Task 2. Hãy luyện tập sử dụng cấu trúc viết bài này thật nhuần nhuyễn để đạt điểm cao nhất trong kỳ thi IELTS của mình nhé.
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